It was among the fastest, most efficient production cars
ever built. It ran on electricity, produced no emissions and
catapulted American technology to the forefront of the
automotive industry. The lucky few who drove it never wanted
to give it up. So why did General Motors crush its fleet of
EV1 electric vehicles in the Arizona desert?
WHO KILLED THE ELECTRIC CAR? chronicles the life and
mysterious death of the GM EV1, examining its cultural and
economic ripple effects and how they reverberated through
the halls of government and big business.
The year is 1990. California is in a pollution crisis. Smog
threatens public health. Desperate for a solution, the
California Air Resources Board (CARB) targets the source of
its problem: auto exhaust. Inspired by a recent announcement
from General Motors about an electric vehicle prototype, the
Zero Emissions Mandate (ZEV) is born. It required 2% of new
vehicles sold in California to be emission-free by 1998, 10%
by 2003. It is the most radical smog-fighting mandate since
the catalytic converter.
With a jump on the competition thanks to its
speed-record-breaking electric concept car, GM launches its
EV1 electric vehicle in 1996. It was a revolutionary modern
car, requiring no gas, no oil changes, no mufflers, and rare
brake maintenance (a billion-dollar industry unto itself). A
typical maintenance checkup for the EV1 consisted of
replenishing the windshield washer fluid and a tire
rotation.
But the fanfare surrounding the EV1’s launch disappeared and
the cars followed. Was it lack of consumer demand as
carmakers claimed, or were other persuasive forces at work?
Fast forward to 6 years later... The fleet is gone. EV
charging stations dot the California landscape like
tombstones, collecting dust and spider webs. How could this
happen? Did anyone bother to examine the evidence? Yes, in
fact, someone did. And it was murder.
The electric car threatened the status quo. The truth behind
its demise resembles the climactic outcome of Agatha
Christie’s Murder on the Orient Express: multiple suspects,
each taking their turn with the knife. WHO KILLED THE
ELECTRIC CAR? interviews and investigates automakers,
legislators, engineers, consumers and car enthusiasts from
Los Angeles to Detroit, to work through motives and alibis,
and to piece the complex puzzle together.
WHO KILLED THE ELECTRIC CAR? is not just about the EV1. It’s
about how this allegory for failure—reflected in today’s oil
prices and air quality—can also be a shining symbol of
society’s potential to better itself and the world around
it. While there’s plenty of outrage for lost time, there’s
also time for renewal as technology is reborn in WHO KILLED
THE ELECTRIC CAR?
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